Adverse Influences on Development Ket Trust Web不良对发展的影响肯特信任网络.docVIP

Adverse ( Physical) Influences on Development and Behaviour This brief review begins with a study on smoking in pregnancy, with the suggestion ( challenging much existing evidence ) that there are no direct impacts upon the developing child, but that the smoking may be a marker for various negative factors which do have an effect upon later child emotional and behavioural problems. This is balanced by a study about second-hand tobacco smoke during pregnancy and likely effects upon the physical development of the child There follows a study concerning (over)weight and emotional well-being in adolescence. The final summary describes survey evidence that there is an association between birth order and the level of risk for certain allergies. M.J.Connor April 2011 Adverse (Physical) Influences on Development and Behaviour Smoking During Pregnancy and Child Mental Health The study by Lavigne et al (2011) begins by describing how many existing studies of maternal smoking during a child’s prenatal life have reported associations between that smoking and later psychopathology in the child. However, it is their contention that these studies have had insufficient regard to the potential influence of a range of circumstances which are correlates of maternal smoking and which could impact upon the child’s behavioural development. They also argue that existing studies have largely focused upon children of school age and not younger children so that it is not clear when any problems emerge ; and that there has been little attention directed to internalising difficulties. Their introductory review of studies describes the evidence cited as indicating the harm inflicted upon the unborn child as a result of maternal smoking. This may include a premature differentiation of developing neural tissue, alterations in certain nervous system pathways ( such