跨越式发展下乌鲁木齐土地利用变化及生态风险分析.docVIP

跨越式发展下乌鲁木齐土地利用变化及生态风险分析 　　摘 要：研究采用乌鲁木齐市2005─2010年的土地利用数据，分析了5年来城市土地利用变化及其生态风险。结果表明：在2005─2010年间，乌鲁木齐市的土地利用类型未发生较大的变化，但各个类型的土地利用面积发生了显著变化，耕地与草地的面积有了明显的下降，居民点与工矿用地及交通用地的面积增长显著。从生态系统服务功能价值的总体变化看，乌鲁木齐市的生态服务价值呈下降趋势，耕地及草地生态服务功能价值明显降低。在各单项生态服务功能中，食物生产和原材料的服务价值下降明显，而娱乐文化功能有了显著增加。 　　关键词：土地利用变化；生态风险；乌鲁木齐 　　中图分类号：F301.24 文献标识码：A DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006－6500.2012.03.024 　　Analysis of Land Use Change and Ecological Risks in Leaps Development of Urumqi 　　MA Xue-fen1, WANG Xue-mei1, 2, ZHOU Lin1, REN Xiao-wei1, LI Meng-jiao1, TANG Qiu-jun1 　　(1.College of Geography Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054,China;2.Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region key laboratory “Xinjiang Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Zone”,Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054,China) 　　Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ: Adopt the data of Urumqi city land use from 2005 to 2010, this paper analyzed the urban land use change in five years and their ecological risk. The results showed that in 2005─2010, the land use types of Urumqi city had not been great changes, but each type of land use area of varied significantly, cultivated land and grassland area had significantly reduced, the area of mining land and residential areas, the traffic land had significant growth. From the overall change of ecosystem services value, ecological service value of Urumqi was declined, the ecological service function value of cultivated land and grassland were decreased obviously. In the single ecological service function, the service value of food production and material were significantly decreased, and the function of entertainment culture has increased significantly. 　　Key words: land use change; ecological risk; Urumqi 　　土地是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础，又是人类从事一切社会经济活动和休养生息的基本场所，随着人口增长、粮食短缺、环境污染、气候变异等一系列全球性??题的日趋激化，土地生态环境破坏日益严重，已严重危害着人类的身体健康，制约着社会经济可持续发展。如何认识土地生态风险、怎样进行有效的生态风险评价、从而加强土地利用管理整治、恢复土地生态环境，使得土地资源环境持续健康地为人类服务有着极其重要的意义。为此，开展土地利用变化生态风险评价研究，促进土地生态系统的可持续发展己成为刻不容缓的研究课题[1-5]。 　　1 研究区域概况 　　乌鲁木齐市位于新疆中部，地处天山北麓、准噶尔盆地南缘。辖区东以恰克马克塔格