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RenaissanceRealismRomanticism Renasissance This is a greatest and most advanced revolution in the human history. This is the age the giants are needed and produced. —— F. Engles What is Renaissance? It’s a great bourgeois cultural movement in Europe, which began in the 14th century and continued to the mid-17th century. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature and then spread all over Europe. Originally, the term means “rebirth” or “revival”. And the movement seems to be a rebirth or revival of ancient Greek and Roman culture, caused by a series of historical events, such as the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. It marked the beginning of bourgeois revolution. What is Humanism ? Humanism is a system of beliefs upheld by writers and artists of the Renaissance period in their fighting against medieval asceticism（禁欲主义）. It states that man is able to find truth, goodness and beauty, and that man is in control of the present life rather than being controlled by God. Briefly, humanism puts man at the center of their beliefs and takes man to be the measure of everything while the former asceticism puts God at the center of their beliefs and takes personal salvation（拯救） to be the most important thing on the earth for man. In England, Thomas More and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists. Two features of Renaissance A thirsting curiosity for classical literature A keen interest i