语法之二——三种特殊句式.docVIP

2 语法之二：三种特殊句式 倒装 自然语序与倒装语序 自然语序：英语中大多数句子都是主语在前谓语在后，和汉语一样，我们称之为Natural Order. 倒装语序：如果谓语提到主语前面, 则句子为倒装语序(Inverted Order). 有时整个谓语提前，称为全部倒装(There comes the bus.)；有时只有部分谓语提前, 称为部分倒装(How are you doing?/Why didn’t you come?)。 全部倒装 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词，要全部倒装。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 全部倒装 3) 充当句子表语的不定式或者分词短语为了表示强调而位于句首时，句子完全倒装。 Gone are the days when we did not have enough to eat. 提醒注意： 1.全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。 2. 全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes.　 Here comes Tom. 　　 Away they went. Away went the students. 部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。 例如： Never have I seen such a performance. (I have never seen such a performance.) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. (You will find nowhere the answer to this question.) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. (The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep.) 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1. Why cant I smoke here? At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted　　 B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted　 D. does smoking permit 2. Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know　 B. man know　 C. didn‘t man know　 D. did man know 3. Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.　 A. didn‘t I realize　　B. did I realize　　 C. I didn‘t realize　 D. I realize 部分倒装 2) 以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than Not only did he refuse the gift, but he also severely criticized the sender. (He not only