第三章食物因素与健康1PPT.ppt

Food and Health;WHO put forward “The four cornerstones of human health” ;概 述;Chapter one The basic theory of nutrition;Nutrition：;非产热营养素 Non capacity nutrient ; 营养素需要量 nutritional requirement The number of nutrient requirements that can Maintaining good health and normal physiological function ;* 膳食营养素参考摄入量 dietary reference intakes, DRIs ◆ 平均需要量 EAR ◆ 推荐摄入量RNI ◆ 适宜摄入量AI ◆ 可耐受最高摄入量UL;◆ 平均需要量 EAR estimated average requirement ; 通过观察或实验研究获得的健康人群 预防某些慢性病的某种营养素的摄入水平。; 膳食营养素参考摄入量（DRIs） （ 图 解 ）; * protein 16.8 KJ (4 kcal ) * lipids 37.8 KJ (9 kcal ) * carbohydrates 16.8 KJ (4 kcal ) * In addition ：乙醇 29.3 KJ (4 kcal ) ;For example： Male :2400kcal／day Female :2100kcal／day △Energy supply of three major nutrients : Protein:10～12％，Lipid：20～30％，Car-：55～65％。; * 基础代谢 Basal metabolism * 体力活动的能量消耗Physical activity * 食物特殊动力作用 * 生长发育;基础代谢;⑶SDA、TEF extra energy consumption caused by feeding。即人体在摄食过程中，对营养素进行消化、吸收、代谢转化，体温升高和散发热量等额外的能量消耗。; Food maximum specific power of proteins equivalent to 30% of its energy, the carbohydrate is 5% to 6%, fat 4% to 5%. Mixed food typically accounts for 10% of the basal metabolism. ;碳水化合物（carbohydrates）;一、Classification and food sources 二、Physiological functions 三、Dietary fiber 四、Reference Intakes ;一、 Classification 单糖：果糖(蜂蜜)、葡萄糖、半乳糖 双糖：蔗糖、麦芽糖(麦芽)、乳糖(奶) 多糖：淀粉、糖原(肌肉、肝)纤维素;碳水化合物（糖类）;food sources ：;Physiological Functions; 主要功能是供能（是人体最主要、 最经济、最安全的供能物质） ; The energy required to supply the body ,the main and economical way. 1g=16.8KJ（4 Kcal）;Excessive intake ;三、Dietary Fibers;Dietary fibers;characteristic 1. High water retention Principle: its chemical structure contains many hydrophilic groups亲水基团, with strong water retention. Different varieties of dietary fibers have different chemical composition, structure and