生物化学与分子生物学学习课件：蛋白质的生物合成 1.pdfVIP

Protein Synthesis (Translation) 党永军 @基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学系 yongjundang@fudan.edu.cn Textbook Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein 1968 Robert W. Holley, Har Bobind Khorana, Marshall W.  Nirenberg  “For their interparetation of the genetic code and its  function in protein synthesis” UCUCUCU →UCU CUC UCU UCU‐‐‐‐‐‐Serine CUC‐‐‐‐‐‐‐Leucine The 2009 chemistry Nobel Prize has been awarded to Venkatraman Ramakrishnan,  Thomas Steitz and Ada Yonath N AT U R E | VO L 4 9 7 | 2 MAY 2 0 1 3 • PART I: Protein Synthesis Components • PART II: Protein Synthesis Process • PART III: Protein Synthesis Regulation • PART IV: Posttranslational Processing and Targeting • PART V: Protein Synthesis in Medicine PART I: Protein Synthesis Components The components of translation 1. mRNAs (the genetic code) 2. Aminoacylated tRNAs 3. Ribosomes 4. Protein factors (and energy) 1. mRNAs (the genetic code) Prokaryote: polycistron 5 3 Protein Eukaryote: monocistron 5 3 Protein Untranslated Region Ribosome binding site Cap structure Coding region Initiation codon Termination codon Eukaryotic mRNAs have same general features as bacterial mRNAs but ... 1. Special “cap” with a 5’-5’ linkage between a modified guanosine nucleotide and the first nucleotide of the transcript (post-transcriptional) 2. poly(A) tail - 50 to 200 adenosines (post-transcri