新编护理学基础-给药（三）.pptVIP

给 药(三) 中国医科大学护理学院 王健 Medications (three) PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS Nurses given parenteral medications intradermally (ID), subcutaneously (SC or SQ), intramuscularly (IM), or intravenously (IV). Because these medications are absorbed more quickly than oral medications and are irretrievable once injected, the nurse must prepare and administer them carefully and accurately. Administering parenteral drugs requires the same nursing knowledge as for oral and topical drugs; however, because injections are invasive procedures, aseptic technique must be used to minimize the risk of infection. Equipmentsyringes To administer parenteral medications, nurses use injectable equipment (ie, syringes, needles, vials, and ampules). Syringes have three parts: the tip, which connects with the needle; the barrel, or outside part, on which the scales are printed; and the plunger, which fits inside the barrel (Figure 33-13). Needles Needles are made of stainless steel, and most are disposable. A needle has three discernible parts: the hub, which fits onto the syringe; the cannula, or shaft, which is attached to the hub; and the bevel, which is the slanted part at the tip of the needle (Figure 33-17). Ampules An ampule is a glass container usually designed to hold a single dose of a drug. It is made of clear glass and has a distinctive shape with a constricted neck. Ampules vary in size ranging from 1 mL to 10 mL or more. Most ampule necks have colored marks around them, indicating where they are prescored for easy opening. Vials A vial is a small glass bottle with a sealed rubber cap. Vials come in different sizes, from single to multidose vials. They usually have a metal or plastic cap that protects the rubber seal. Common Parenteral medicationsIntradermal Injections An intradermal injection is the administration of a drug into the dermal layer of the skin just beneath the epidermis. Usually only a small amount of liquid is use