新编护理学基础-给药（一）.pptVIP

给 药(一) 中国医科大学护理学院 王健 Medications (one) A medication is a substance administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, mitigation (relief), or prevention of disease. In the health care context, the words medication and drug are generally used interchangeably. The term drug also has the connotation of an illicitly obtained substance such as heroin, cocaine, or amphetamines. In the United States and Canada, medications are usually dispensed on the order of physicians and dentists. In some US states, specially qualified nurse-practitioners and physician’s assistants may prescribe drugs. The written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug is called a prescription. One drug can have as many as four kinds of names: its generic name, official name, chemical name, and trademark or brand name. The generic name is given before a drug becomes official. The official name is the name under which it is listed in one of the official publications (eg, the United States Pharmacopeia). The chemical name is the name by which a chemist knows it; this name describes the constituents of the drug precisely. The trademark, or brand name, is the name given by the drug manufacturer. Because one drug may be manufactured by several companies, it can have several trade names. Medications are often available in a variety of forms. They are aerosol spray or foam, aqueous solution, aqueous suspension, caplet, capsule, cream, elixir, extract, gel or jelly, liniment, lotion, lozenge(troche), ointment (salve, unction), paste, pill, powder, suppository, syrup, tablet, tincture, transdermal patch. Pharmacology is the study of the effect of drugs on living organisms. Pharmacy is the art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing drugs. The word also refers to the place where drugs are prepared and dispensed. Drugs are prepared by a pharmacist, a person licensed to prepare and dispense drugs and to make up prescriptions. A clinical phar