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Chapter Ⅶ The Industrial Revolution, the American and French Revolutions 1. The American Revolution Britain stifled the American colonies’ independent economic and political growth. The Navigation Acts Stamped paper tax The Boston Tea Party Declaration of Independence The Treaty of Paris. As a protest against a tax placed on imported tea by the British crown, a group of American colonists staged the Boston Tea Party. On December 16, 1773, the colonists, some dressed as Native Americans, boarded three British ships and tossed the tea cargo into Boston Harbor. 2.The French Revolution The French Revolution broke out in 1789 In 1793 Britain became the chief organizer of a military alliance against revolutionary France. The battle of Waterloo The Congress of Vienna Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte was the greatest military genius of the 19th century. He conquered most of Western Europe and Egypt for France, while instituting reforms in these new territories aimed at guaranteeing civil liberties and improving the quality of life. He crowned himself emperor of France in 1804 and introduced reforms intended to unify the revolution-fractured nation. 3. Prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution The conditions for Industrial Revolution The population grew fast and people were skilled in many crafts and trades. Britain had created a world-wide market. Capitalist farms were built and cheap labor increased. Scientific division and simplification of manufacturing processes. 4. The Industrial Revolution and Its Consequences Iron smelting was revolutionized. The Spinning Jenny The Spinning Mule The Power Loom The steam engine The steam locomotive The consequences of the Industrial Revolution: a.Promoted the development of production; b.Many new cities came into being; c. Population increased; d. Home market was enlarged; e. Britain became the “factory of the world”. James Watt Scottish inventor James Watt (1736-1819) made vast improvements to the steam engine, making i