实用医学英语翻译第三单元.docxVIP

The Muscular System Muscle is the tough, elastic tissue that makes body parts move. All animals except the simplest kinds have some type of muscle. People use muscle to make various movements, such as walking, jumping, or throwing. Muscles also help in performing activities necessary for growth and for maintaining a strong, healthy body. For example, people use muscles in the jaw to chew food. Other muscles help move food through the stomach and intestines, and aid in digestion. Muscles in the heart and blood vessels force the blood to circulate. Muscles in the chest make breathing possible. 肌肉系统 肌肉是一种结实而有弹性的组织，能够使身体活动。除了最简单的几种动物，所有动物都有某些类型的肌肉。 人们用肌肉来完成各种运动，如行走、跳跃或者投掷。肌肉也有助于执行身体生长和保持强壮、健康的身体所必需的各种活动。例如，人们用位于下巴的肌肉咀嚼食物。其他肌肉帮助食物通过胃和肠道，帮助消化。心脏和血管处的肌肉促使血液循环。胸部肌肉使人能呼吸。 Types of Muscles The human body has more than 600 major muscles. About 240 of them have specific names. In general, muscles are classified into three groups: (1) skeletal muscles, (2) smooth muscles, and (3) cardiac muscles Skeletal muscles help hold the bones of the skeleton together and give the body shape. They also make the body move. Skeletal muscles make up a large part of the legs, arms, abdomen, chest, neck, and face. These muscles vary greatly in size, depending on the type of job they do. For example, eye muscles are small and fairly weak, but the muscles of the thigh are large and strong. 肌肉的类型 人体有超过600个主要的肌肉。约240块有特定的名字。一般来说，肌肉分为三组: (1)骨骼肌, (2)平滑肌, 和(3)心肌。 骨骼肌帮助把骨与骨连接在一起，形成人体 态。他们还能使身体活动。我们腿上的大部分肌肉、以及手臂、腹部、胸部、脖子和脸是由骨骼肌组成。根据他们各自的作用，这些肌肉大小不一。例如，眼部肌肉小而弱， 大腿肌肉却大而壮。 When a person stands erect, many skeletal muscles contract to make the body rigid. Skeletal muscles also can make one part of the body move while another part stays stiff. Skeletal muscles act both ways because they work in pairs. One muscle of each pair is called the flexor. It bends a joint and brings a limb closer to the body. The other muscle, the extensor, does the opposite. For example, the