《英语学习方法导论》之“英语写作策略”5.docVIP

2.4 重词语搭配习惯 英汉语在词汇搭配习惯上有很大差异，而这个习惯是约定俗成的。搭配不当实际上就是违背了人们的语言习惯，写出来的文章就不地道。例如： (1) My father is an excessive smoker. (应该说a chain/ heavy smoker) (2) They did a lot of effort to finish the job on time. (应该说made great efforts) (3) I proposed to take a final party with other classmates. (应该说organize/ throw a farewell party) 虽说英语对于大家来说是门外语，毕竟无法具备和英美人士一样的语感。但是，考生有必要在平时练习时就留心观察常用词汇的搭配习惯，没有把握时应该请教老师或者查阅词典。上面例子中的搭配问题其实只需一本普通的英汉学习词典就可以解决。况且在网络如此普及的今天，用关键词有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站一下，什么样的搭配问题不能解决？ 所以，搭配错误不单只是个语言水平问题，还反映出同学们的学习态度。不少同学对此不以为然，想当然的把汉语的搭配习惯套在英语写作里，觉得只要说得过去就行。像下面这些例子就暴露出这种态度： (4) My teacher helped me very much. (应该说a lot) (5) Chinese economy has developed very much. (应该说rapidly) (6) A friend must know you very much. (应该说well) 虽然，使用very much在三个句子中也能被理解，但决不是符合英语习惯的正确搭配。而正是这种不求甚解的态度妨碍了广大考生写出合乎习惯的正确英文。解决这个问题有两个方法： 一种是仅从英文入手。考生可以针对某些高频词汇的搭配采取全景式的罗列，这样酒客以比较全面地掌握该词的各种搭配习惯。就拿前面的party（聚会）为例： 搭配形式 例子 形容词＋party all-night party, big party, formal party, housewarming party, informal party, late-night party, lavish party, lively party, noisy party, outdoor party, small party, wild party 名词＋party birthday party, Christmas party, cocktail party, costume party, dinner party, fancy-dress party, farewell party, garden party, graduation party, Halloween party, hen party, office party, stag party, street party, surprise party, tea party, rave party party＋名词 party animal, party guest, party piece, party-pooper 动词＋party attend a party, come to a party, crash a party, give a party, go to a party, have a party, hold a party, invite somebody to a party, leave a party, organize a party, throw a party party＋动词 By now the party was in full swing. The party broke up around midnight. There was a party going on next door. 介词＋party at a party party＋介词 I’m organizing a surprise party for my sister. 另一种是对比英汉的不同，围绕一个词义找出它在两种语言中的不同搭配关系。比如，“一群”在英文中的搭配关系就远比汉语复杂： a pack of dogs????????????????????????????一群狗 a flock of sheep??????????????????????????一群羊 a colony of bees????????????????????????? 一群蜜蜂 a pride of lions????????