教学课件 虚拟语气精讲精练.pptVIP

虚拟语气 前言：英语中有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1．?? 陈述语气 表示谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的，也就是说把动作或状态作事实表达出来。 e.g. The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind. 2．?? 祈使语气 表示号召、命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等。 e.g. Let me help you. 3.虚拟语气 ?第一节 概 述 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话是某种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议、 可能或纯粹空想，而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件。所以虚拟语气总是与假设条件句用在一起。虚拟语气的条 件句与真实条件从句的最大差别在于时态不同，真实条件句的条件（从句或结论主句）均采用陈述语气。虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：◆★☆ ?条件从句结果主句 与现在事实相反 If I (we, you, he ,she it ,they,) + 动词过去式（be 的过去式为were），I (we,you,she,It,they) +would do 与过去事实相反 If I (we, you,he,she,it,they) had + 过去分词，I (we,you,he, she,it, they, )+would have +P.P 与将来事实相反 A：一般过去式 B：were to do sth. C: should +动词原形，主语would +do sth. ? 条件从句 结果主句 与现在事实相反 If I (we, you, he ,she it ,they,) + 动词过去式（be 的过去式为were） I (we,you,she, It,they) +would do 与过去事实相反 If I (we, you,he,she,it,they ) had + 过去分词 ? I (we,you,he, she,it, they, )+would have +P.P 与将来事实相反 A：一般过去式 B：were to do sth. C: should +动词原形 主语would +do sth. E.g. If I were you, I would accept the money offered by her. If he had been here yesterday, he would have helped us. If it snowed tomorrow, If it were to snow tomorrow, I wouldn’t go to 2.上面几种假设类型中，主句与从句的谓语动词形式应前后呼应；如果 主句与从句的动作发生的时间不一致，谓语动词形式应做适当调整。 1.If I had worked harder at school, I __ in a comfortable office now. A.????? would have sat B. had sat C. would be sitting D. would sit 2．If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now. party with you. If it should snow tomorrow D If I had a bike (now),I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有自行车，昨天早就借给你了。（主句与过去事实相反，从句 与现在事实相反。） Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he______our chairman now. A)must have been B)would have been C)were D)would be 正确答案是D） 3.条件从句中，谓语动词“be ”的过去时一般用“were ”，例：If I were you,I wouldntt have bought that car. 如果我是你，我就不会把那部汽车买下。 4.有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ” 及“but that ”和“supposing ”特表示让步假设： But for your help,I would fail.（若没你的帮助，我就会失败。） Without the money,I would