南开大学中级宏观经济学课件,Macro1.ppt

Macroeconomics Xiaowei Chen Room 207, Department of Risk Management and Insurance, Nakai University, Tianjin 300071, China Email：chenx@nankai.edu.cn 课程介绍 出勤+作业 30% 期末考试 70% 上课时间：1-17周 联系方式：chenx@nankai.edu.cn 答疑地点：经院高层207房间 答疑时间：待定 Macroeconomics Lecture 1 Macroeconomics as a Science What is Macroeconomics? What is Economics？ Normative Definition: Economics is the science that studies how to efficiently allocate economic resources (what should we do?). Positive Definition: Economics is the science that studies how an economy operates or how economic variables are determined under the given economic environment (what happen?). What is Macroeconomics? (continued) After we have understood what is economics, the difference between micro- and macro-economics (in terms of positive definition) becomes clear: Microeconomics is the study of how microeconomic variables (such the price and output of individual product) are determined; Macroeconomics is the study of how macroeconomic variables (such as GDP, employment, inflation among others) are determined. Individual Behavior Economic variables are determined by the choice of individuals (firms, households and government), and therefore studying individual behavior is the starting point of economic analysis. Individual Behavior (continued) Basic Hypothesis on Individual Behavior Selfish All individuals when engaging in their economic activities, pursue their own and only their own interest. Rational All individuals behave optimally. Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” dogma. Economic Environment Though individuals are selfish and rational, their choices are constrained by the economic environment they are staying. 经济学分析框架之三部曲 经济学分析框架的三部曲 上述关于现代经济学研究方法和分析框架的讨论基本上可以概括为一个三步曲： 界定经济环境； 确定经济人行为目标：反映自私和理性； 分析经济运行：得出众多经济人各种经济行为的综合表现。 经济学分析框架之三部曲(继续) 经济学分析框架之三部曲(继续) 几点说明： 上述三步曲应该说是经济学分析的标准范式，任何合理的经济学分析都应该遵循这样一种范式。 当然，合理的经济学分析并不意味着合格。 按所研究的内容、读者对象和严谨性要求的不同，具体的研究过程有可能极为复杂。 例如，为