地铁浅埋暗挖大断面隧道近距穿越楼房施工方法选择探讨5899.docVIP

地铁浅埋暗挖大断面隧道近距穿越楼房施工方法选择探讨5899 //.paper.edu.cn -1- Analysis on Penetration of ATIS in Stochastic Dynamic Traffic Network 1 Ren Hualing, Gao Ziyou, Long Jiancheng State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P. R. China (100044) Abstract The penetration of the travelers with ATIS services is an important factor that controls the benefits of ATIS. Studies show that, the congestion extent of the urban traffic system will not always decrease through the increasing of the market penetration of ATIS. In this paper, a bi-level programming model is presented to determine the optimal service price and the market penetration of ATIS, in which the lower problem is a stochastic dynamic user optimal model. A chaotic approach is used to solve the bi-level programming model and the numerical results show the application of the bi-level programming model. Numerical experiments show the effects of the penetration of ATIS on the the travellers’ behaviors and the congestion level of the traffic network. Keywords: market penetration of ATIS, bi-level programming, stochastic dynamic user optimal, chaotic approach 1 Introduction In the research of ATIS, one important factor is the market penetration of ATIS in urban dynamic traffic system, that is, the rate of equipped travellers in all the travellers. Emmerink et al (1995) pointed out that the benefit from ATIS is nearly relative to the market penetration of ATIS. Yang (199 proposed a mixed equilibrium model to describe the relation between the market penetration of ATIS and the benefit of travellers. In general, the travellers buy and equip the AIIS to get more exact traffic information and saving their travel cost. That is to say, whether the travellers buy ATIS or not lies on whether this system is of benefit to them, where the benefit is the travellers’ saving of travel cost during their trip. If the saving of travel cost exceeds the purchasin