英语修辞与写作9.ppt

英语修辞与写作9结构上的修辞格 1. Contrast（对比） It is the state of strikingly different from something else, typically something in juxtaposition(并列) or close association. 把两种相反的事物并列起来，互相衬托，使青者更青，白者更白；或者把一个事物的正反两个方面并列起来，以便更加鲜明，更加全面地表现事物的本质。 写作中，contrast 和 analogy 是两种重要的方法。 例解： 1）When a king approaches, all rise in respect. Diogenes merely sat up on one elbow. When a monarch enters a place all greet him with a bow, or an acclamation. Diogenes said nothing. 每当君主走近时，人们无不起身致敬，而戴奥真尼则只是单肘撑起身子。每当国王进入一个场所，人们无不躬身施礼，欢呼雀跃，而戴奥真尼则沉默不语。 2）Just before the end-of-lesson bell rings, most students close their books, put away papers, talk to friends, and get ready to leave. But a smart student uses those few minutes to write two or three sentences about the lesson’s main points, which he scans before the next class. 3) The twins are as different as two people can be. Sally. Who is always hoping someone will have a party, has black hair, brown eyes, and an outgoing personality. She wants to be an actress or a popular singer. Susan, more serious and studious, has blonde hair, blue eyes, and a somewhat shy manner. Since she has done well in her classes in graphic arts and math, she plans to become an architect or an engineer. 2. Antithesis 对照（法）、反对、平行对照、对偶、 It is a figure of speech that is the setting of contrasting phrases of parallel grammatical structure, for emphasis or humor, usually with more stress on the latter. 对照既要求结构匀称整齐，又要求有意义相反的词语互相衬托，两者缺一不可。 对照具有匀称的形式美和强烈的对比感，使语言表现铿锵有力，撼人心魄。 2.1 词与词形成对照 1）The brave man, living or dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. 那些在这里战斗的勇士，活着的和死去的，已使这块土地神圣化了，远非我们的微薄之力所能左右。 2) Why are some people argumentative and domineering, while others are shy and hesitant? Why are some people greedy, selfish, and cynical, while others are kindly and easy to get with? 为什么有人强词夺理，飞扬跋扈，而有的人却羞羞答答，优柔寡断？为什么有的人贪婪自私，玩世不恭，有的人却能平易近人，友好相处？ 3）Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud. 知识使人谦虚，无知使人骄傲。 4)