英语修辞与写作6-7.ppt

英语修辞与写作6 1. Irony The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning; a statement or situation where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea. Three kinds of irony are commonly recognized: 反语：反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法 反语一种文学风格，使用这类对比以达到幽默或修辞的效果. ` １.1．Verbal irony is a trope （转义）in which the intended meaning of a statement differs from the meaning that the words appear to express. 词语反语：词语真正的意思并不取决于字面，而是由特定的上下文来确定． 1）The virtuous, dignified bishop has four illegitimate children. (morally degenerated, hypocritical ) 那个品德高尚﹑威严的主教有四个私生子． ２）We’re lucky. It’s the other side on the thirteenth of December. That makes us feel real good. 我们很幸运．到达彼岸的那天正好是１２月１３日，那时我们真的感到很愉快． 3) Robbing a widow of her saving was certainly a noble act. 抢劫寡妇的钱款，真不失为“高尚”之举． ` 4) “Could you wait a few days for the money? I haven’t any small change about me.” “Oh, you haven’t? Well, of course I know that gentlemen like you carry only large notes. ” “我过几天再付钱行吗？我身边没有零钱。” “啊，是吗？哦，当然啦，我知道像您这样的绅士身上只是带大票子的。” 5. Someone had informed the son, and he had contributed money for a coffin. 有人通知了她儿子，他儿子捐出了钱，为她买了口棺材。 6. The diligent student seldom reads more than an hour per month. 这个勤奋的学生每个月读书的时间不超过一个小时。 7. It must be very delightful to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in one’s pocket. 在异国他乡却身无分文，那真是妙极了。 8. We tried to buy a number of oil-stoves to keep these rooms warm, but other people had thought of doing this too — when we called at the village shop the shopkeeper told us she had sold out and that although there were more on order they were unlikely to be delivered until the spring — which, of course, was a great comfort（一种慰藉）. ` 1.２．Situational Irony / Circumstantial Irony involves an incongruity(不协调) between what is expected or intended and what actually occurs. 情景反语：某事态发展违反常情，与一般预料相反． １）Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point.