英语修辞与写作3.ppt

英语修辞与写作4 四种比喻性修辞（一） 1. Metonymy 转喻（借代） met- : change onym: name y: n. Metonymy?: the act of referring to sth. by the name of sth. else that is closely connected with it, ---Oxford Dictionary 转喻(或借喻)是指用同一事物关系密切的另一事物来借指此事物，即用甲来借指乙，甲乙之间关系密切。借喻中只出现喻体而不出现本体，它的着眼点在于本体和喻体之间的密切联系而不是相似。 英语中常见的转喻有以下几种： 1）用容器的名称来代替所盛的东西 （1）He is a sturdy little fellow although he was brought up on the bottle. 尽管这小孩是喝牛奶长大的，他还是长得很健壮。 Bottle --- the milk in the bottle (2) After the meeting, we discussed the matter over a bottle. 会后，我们一边饮酒一边讨论此事。 Bottle ---- wine in the bottle (3) Who holds the purse rules the house. 有钱就有势 （管钱人当家） House --- the House of Representatives or the Senates Purse --- the money in the purse / His purse would not allow him to live a luxurious life. （income） (4) The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽力照顾孩子。 （cradle --- the baby in the cradle） (5) The kettle is boiling. Kettle ---- water in the kettle 2）身体部位或器官来替代它的相关功能。　　（1）He has a good ear for music. （ear指代欣赏音乐的能力） （2）She was to be a girl, who excited the emotions, but I was not the one to let my heart rule my head. 她的确是个易于使人动情的姑娘，可我不是那种让感情统治理智的人。 Heart --- emotion, feelings Head --- reason, sanity 　 （3）I have an opinion of you, sir, to which it is not easy to give the mouth. 先生，我对你有一个看法，不过很难用语言表达出来。 Mouth --- what one wants to say （4）If there is any bad blood in the fellow he will be sure to show it. 如果这个人心里有所怀恨的话，他一定会流露出来 Blood ---- strong especially unpleasant feeling; temper 3）用资料、工具代替事物的名称 （1）He chose a gun instead of a cap and gown. 他选择了当兵，而没有继续求学深造。 Gun ---- career of being a soldier Cap and gown(方顶帽和黑长袍) ---- higher education （2）The pen is mightier than the sword. Pen --- publishing. Sword --- military force （3）But in spite of himself, he became deeply interested in this Polish girl with the intense gray eyes and delicate features, who was as keen on test tubes as himself. 他不由自主、深深地爱上了这位充满热情，有着灰色眼睛和清秀面容，跟他一样热衷于化学实验的波兰姑娘。 Test tube --- chemical experiments （4） “I n