英语修辞与写作2.ppt

英语修辞与写作3 比喻 比喻的手段：以此喻彼 比喻的基础：心里联想 比喻的要素：本体 (tenor) 喻体 (vehicle) 相似点 (similarity) 相异点 (dissimilarity) 1. 生动形象的明喻 （Simile）：两个截然不同的事物之间的相似处进行比较，表明本体和喻体的相类似关系。 语言效果生动、具体、形象，留给读者隽永深长、耐人寻味的艺术魅力。 其表现形式如下： 1.1 （be） like / as / likened to 1) The water of the pool was too dirty, and what was worse, the swimmers were packed like sardines. (游泳者像沙丁鱼罐头一样被塞得拥挤不堪) 2） Passions are likened best to floods and streams: The shallow murmur, but the deep are dump… 激情最像洪水与溪水， 浅水喧声淙淙，深水无语无声…… (这一比喻暗示，花言巧语者薄情寡义，沉默寡言者情意重。) 3. I wondered lonely as a cloud. 我像一片白云独自漫游。 4. My heart is like a singing bird. 我的心如小鸟在歌唱。 1.2. as… as… / more than 这里不是简单的比较，而是不同性质事物的比较。例如： 1） The ruby shall be redder than a red rose, and the sapphire shall be as blue as the great sea. 红宝石将比红玫瑰还要红，蓝宝石像大海一样蓝。 2）Every tree and every branch was encrusted with bright and delicate hoarfrost, white and pure as snow, delicate and refined as carved ivory. 每一棵树，每一根树枝，都包裹着一层明亮精美的白霜，像雪那样的洁白，那样的纯净，像象牙雕一般精致优美。 1.3 no more / less … than; not … any more 由比较句式转变而来 1） Our campus is no less beautiful than this picture. 我们的校园同这幅画一样美丽。 2）A student can no more (或can not) obtain knowledge without studying than (或any more than) a farmer can get harvest without plowing. 学生不学习不能得到知识，就如同农夫不耕种 不能收获一样。 1.4 as if / as though 是一种启发型的明喻。例如： 1) The girl made him fetch and carry just as if he was a pet dog. 这个女孩叫他把东西拿过来搬过去，简直把他当作一条宠物狗。 2） She was the fattest woman dozing in a straight-backed chair. It was as if a sack of grain was supported by a matchbox. 最胖的女人坐在一把直背椅子上打瞌睡，简直就像一口袋粮食放在一个火柴盒上。 1.5. A is to B as / what C is to D 通过简单具体的形象说明复杂抽象的概念或过程。例如： 1). Etiquette to society is what apparel is to the individual. 礼节之于社会，犹如衣服之于个人。 2) What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul. 教育之于心灵，犹如雕刻术之于大理石。 1.6 用and结构表示的比喻关系 本体和喻体由连词and连接并列，在句子中作复合主语。整个句子结构工整，音韵铿锵，言简意赅。常见于英语谚语。 1）Truth and oil are ever above. 真理如油一样，总是要占上方的。 2