William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security 4e：威廉网络，密码学与网络安全4E.pptVIP

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William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security 4e：威廉网络，密码学与网络安全4E.ppt

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William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security 4e：威廉网络，密码学与网络安全4E

* IPSec provides security services at the IP layer by enabling a system to select required security protocols, determine the algorithm(s) to use for the service(s), and put in place any cryptographic keys required to provide the requested services. The security services supported are as shown above. See Stallings Table 16.1 for the services provided by AH ESP respectively. For ESP, there are two cases: with and without the authentication option. Both AH and ESP are vehicles for access control, based on the distribution of cryptographic keys and the management of traffic flows relative to these security protocols. * A key concept that appears in both the authentication and confidentiality mechanisms for IP is the security association (SA). An association is a one-way relationship between a sender and a receiver that affords security services to the traffic carried on it. If a peer relationship is needed, for two-way secure exchange, then two security associations are required. Security services are afforded to an SA for the use of AH or ESP, but not both. A security association is uniquely identified by three parameters: ? Security Parameters Index (SPI): A bit string assigned to this SA and having local significance only ? IP Destination Address: this is the address of the destination endpoint of the SA ? Security Protocol Identifier: This indicates whether the association is an AH or ESP security association. A SA may also have a number of other parameters. In each IPSec implementation, there is a Security Association Database that defines the parameters associated with each SA. * The Authentication Header provides support for data integrity and authentication of IP packets.The data integrity feature ensures that undetected modification to a packet’s content in transit is not possible. The authentication feature enables an end system or network device to authenticate the user or application and filter traffic accordingly; it also prevents address spoofing atta