水产动物营养与饲料学－双语教学课件Chapter 2-Other Dietary Components.ppt

Chapter 2 Other Dietary Components General 2.1 Water 2.2 Fiber（纤维） 2.3 Hormones（激素） 2.4 Antibiotics（抗生素） 2.5 Antioxidants（抗氧化剂） 2.6 Pigments（色素） 2.7 Pellet Binders（颗粒粘合剂） 2.8 Feeding Stimulants（诱食剂） General Diets and diet ingredients contain materials other than nutrients that may affect metabolism in a positive or negative way. These components may occur naturally in feedstuffs.（饲料原料） Functions of these components to meet physiological needs,（满足生理需要） to improve or preserve the qualify of the diet,（改善或保持饲料的质量） to fulfill economic purposes.（为了经济目的） an added ingredient,（添加的水分） a natural constituent of the feedstuffs,（饲料中的结构水） an element adsorbed from the atmosphere.（从大气中吸收的水分） * Amount of dietary water ? (1) Dry pellet diet（硬颗粒饲料） (2) Moist diet（湿颗粒饲料） (3) Semi-moisture diet（半湿颗粒饲料） (1) Dry pellet diet 6 -10% by weight Low-moisture concentrations permit relative ease of storage and handling.（水分含量低，饲料的贮存和管理相对容易） In contrast, feeds with 12 percent or more moisture are generally more susceptible to spoilage by microorganisms.（含水量在12％或更高的饲料很容易发霉变质） Moisture derived from the atmosphere is generally low, and little significance is attributed to these low “air-dry” concentrations in diets or ingredients.（饲料或饲料原料通过风干达到降低水分含量的意义不大。） (2) Moist diets ~ 40 % have been used at first feeding for Pacific salmon and Atlantic salmon, because these fish prefer moist feeds under hatchery conditions, particularly at cold-water temperatures. （尤其在低温下喜欢采食湿饲料） (3) Semi-moist diets 15 - 20% commercial have been introduced that do not require refrigeration. (已经商品化生产不需要冷冻的半湿饲料) polyhydric alcohols (多元醇) (for example propylene glycol 丙二醇, glycerol甘油, and sorbitol山梨醇) are incorporated into these diets to reduce moisture loss during processing and storage and to improve feed texture,（减少加工和储藏中的水分流失，改善饲料结构） The addition of compounds that inhibit molds is also required.（添加防霉剂也是必要的） Atlantic salmon, chinook salmon, (大鳞大马哈) coho salmon, (银大马哈鱼) pink s