第11讲：《天演论》片段,以及林纾的生平PPT课件.pptxVIP

第11讲：《天演论》片段赏析；林纾的翻译简述2012年11月15日一、天演论 Evolution and Ethics,1894(Thomas Henry Huxley)IT may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, before Caesar set foot in southern Britain, the whole country-side visible from the windows of the room in which I write, was in what is called the state of nature”.可以有把握地想象，二千年前，当凯撒到达不列颠南部之前，从我正在写作的这间屋子的窗口可以看到整个原野是一种所谓“自然状态”。赫胥黎独处一室之中，在英伦之南，背山而面野。槛外诸境，历历如在几下。乃悬想二千年前，当罗马大将恺彻未到时，此间有何景物。计惟有天造草昧，Except, it may be, by raising a few sepulchral mounds, such as those which still, here and there, break the flowing contours of the downs, mans hands had made no mark upon it; and the thin veil of vegetation which overspread the broad-backed heights and the shelving sides of the coombs was unaffected by his industry.也许除了若干突起的坟墓已在几处破坏了连绵的丘陵的轮廓以外，此地未经人工修葺整治。薄薄的植被笼罩着广阔的高地和峡谷的斜坡，还没有受到人的劳动的影响。人功未施，其借征人境者，不过几处荒坟，散见坡陀起伏间。而灌木丛林，蒙茸山麓，未经删治如今日者，则无疑也。The native grasses and weeds, the scattered patches of gorse, contended with one another for the possession of the scanty surface soil；本地的牧草和杂草，分散在一小块一小块土地上的金雀花，为了占据贫乏的表面土壤而互相竞争着；怒生之草，交加之藤，势如争长相雄，各据一抔壤土。they fought against the droughts of summer, the frosts of winter, and the furious gales which swept, with unbroken force, now from the Atlantic, and now from the North Sea, at all times of the year；它们同夏季的烈日斗争，同冬季的严霜斗争，同一年四季从大西洋或北海不断吹来的狂风斗争；夏与畏日争，冬与严霜争，四时之内，飘风怒吹，或西发西洋，或东起北海，旁午交扇，无时而息。they filled up, as they best might, the gaps made in their ranks by all sorts of underground and overground animal ravagers.它们尽其最大可能来弥补为各种地上和地下动物所造成的破坏。上有鸟兽之践啄，下有蚁蝝之啮伤。憔悴孤虚，旋生旋灭。菀枯顷刻，莫可究详。Reckoned by our customary standards of duration, the native vegetation, like the “everlasting hills” which it clothes, seems a type of permanence. The little Amarella Gentians, which abound in some places to day, are the descendants of those that were trodden underfoot, by the prehistoric savages who have left their flint tools about, here and there;用通常的时间标准来衡量，本地的植被，就象它所覆盖的“永恒的小山”一样，似乎是永久不变的。今天，某些地方繁生的小黄芩，就是那些史前时代到处遗弃燧石工具的野人所践踏过的小黄芩的后代；英之南野