词汇学课本练习答案.docVIP

Unit 1 1.主观题 2. How did the Norman Conquest and the Renaissance influence the English vocabulary ? The transitional period（转型时期） from Old English to Modern English is known as Middle English(ME, which is characterized by the strong influence of French following the Norman Conquest in 1066, French was used for all state affairs and for most social and culture matters, which influenced English in daily life. The English language from 1500 to the present is called Modern English. In the early stage of this period the Renaissance（文艺复兴） brought great change to the vocabulary. The renewed（复兴的） study of Greek in the Renaissance not only led to the borrowing of Greek words indirectly through the medium（媒介） of Latin, but also led to the introduction of some Greek words directly into English vocabulary. Greek borrowings were mostly literary, technical and scientific words,(page 4~5) 3.Enumerate the causes for the rapid growth of neologisms（新词，旧词新意，新词的创造者/使用者） after World War Ⅱ. Give four examples for each cause. ① marked progress of science and technology. Example: to blast off(炸掉，炸毁) ,to countdown ,capsule,launching pad ② socio-economic（社会经济）, political and cultural changes. Example: roller-hockey ,surfriding,skydiving（跳伞运动）,disignated hitter ③ the influence from other cultures and languages（page6~7）Example: cosmonaut ,discotheque（小舞厅，迪斯科舞厅）,ombudsman（调查官员舞弊情况的政府官员）, apartheid（种族隔离）. 4.What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock（词库） of the English vocabulary ? (1). National character(全民通用性)：Words of the basic word stock belong to the people as a whole, not to a limited group. (2). Stability（稳定性）:As words in the basic word stock denote the commonest things necessary to life, they are likely to remain unchanged. However, a certain number of Old English words have dropped out of the basic word stock, while new words have joined the rank of basic words, following social and technological changes. (3). Word-forming ability(构词)：Basic words are very active i