3_动词时态2.docVIP

动词时态2 时态的运用比较复杂，只要把易混的时态掌握好，就没有什么难度可言了。而易混的时态无非是一般过去时和现在完成时，一般过去时和过去完成时的比较罢了。 A．一般过去式和现在完成时： 一般过去式只是表示事情发生在过去，陈述一个事实，它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语如：last night, in 1999, three days ago等连用。 而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。 如： We have seen that film. 我们已看过那部电影。对现在造成的影响是我们对影片已有所了解We saw the film last night. 昨天晚上我们看了那部电影。只说明昨天晚上看电影这一事实。 注意：有些时间状语，如this morning, tonight, this month 等，既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在内，而用于一般过去式则与现在无关。 如： I have read this book this April. (说话时仍然为四月。) I read this book this April. (说话时四月份已过。) ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?　 ---Hes already been sent for.　　 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。　 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.　 （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night B.用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。　 It is the first time that I have visited the city.　 It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.　 This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.　　　 这是我看过的最好的电影。　 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.　这是我第一次听他唱歌。 典型例题(1) ---Do you know our town at all?　　 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A. was　 B. have been　 C. came　 D. am coming　 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?　 ---No, its the first time I ___ here.A. even, come　 B. even, have come　　C. ever, come　 D. ever, have come　 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。　 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 3). You dont need to describe her. I ___ her several times.　A. had met　B. have met　 C. met　D. meet　 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。4).---Im sorry to keep you waiting.　---