(精选)【医学英文课件】 Neuroscience, Genetics教学课件.pptVIP

PET Scan MRI Scan The Brainstem The Brainstem Brainstem the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull responsible for automatic survival functions Medulla [muh-DUL-uh] base of the brainstem controls heartbeat and breathing The Brainstem Reticular Formation a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal Thalamus [THAL-uh-muss] the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla The Brainstem Cerebellum [sehr-uh-BELL-um] the “little brain” attached to the rear of the brainstem it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance The Limbic System The Limbic System Limbic System a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Amygdala [ah-MIG-dah-la] two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion  Neuroscience, Genetics and Behavior Chapter 2 Objective 1 Describe the structure of the neuron and explain how neural impulses are generated. Neural Communication Neuron a nerve cell the basic building block of the nervous system The human brain contains about 10 billion neurons On average, each neuron is connected to 10,000 other neurons Your neurons can “learn” through practice and repeated use The Nervous System Sensory Neurons (a few million) neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the brain Interneurons (several billion) neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs Motor Neurons (a few million) carry outgoing information from the brain to muscles and glands The Nervous System Nerves neural “cables