《管理学英语》参考译文Unit 4.docVIP

Unit 4 Organizational Design and Culture组织设计与组织文化Text A A Formal or Informal Organization正式组织或非正式组织 Pre-reading Task课前阅读 Read the following questions first, which will help you understand the text below better, and then answer the questions after reading the text carefully. 先看下面的问题，这些问题将有助于你更好地理解后面的课文，仔细地读完课文后再回答这些问题。 1. What is your personal understanding of an organization? 你对组织的个人理解是什么？ 2. Are there any conflicts between a formal and an informal organization? 正式组织和非正式组织之间存在冲突或矛盾吗？ 3. Which type of organization is more commonplace in modern society, the formal or informal one? 在现代社会中，哪一种类型的组织更司空见惯（普遍）？是正式组织还是非正式组织 Text Organization is a word many people use loosely. Some would say it includes all the behaviors of all participants. Others would equate it with the total system of social and cultural relationships. Still others refer to an enterprise, such as the United States Steel Corporation or the Department of Defense, as an organization. But for most practicing managers, the term organization implies a formalized intentional structure of roles or positions. 组织是很多人不精确使用的一个词。一些人说组织包括所有参与者（成员）的所有行为。其他人把组织等同于社会和文化关系的整体系统美国钢铁公司正式的结构refer to …as 把……当作 Organizations bring together people and other resources for a common purpose, whether that purpose is to build computers, learn about human psychology, or ship food to starving people. Each factor in the environment may help, hinder, or otherwise influence the organization. For example, there is a great demand for a product on the market, which might allow the organization to produce and sell large quantities of this product and make a sizable profit, while government restrictions such as mandatory safety attachments might make the product too expensive to be profitable. 组织为了共同的目的而集合（汇聚）人力和其他资源，目的可能是制造计算机，了解人的心理，或食物饥民Organizations are the means through which people coordinate their work in modem society. Just as we must manage ourselves to accomplish our objectives, managers must manage organizations to accomplis