e5_微生物学-南京师范大学_英文版PowerPoint课件.pptVIP

Nutrient provide the structural substance , energy, metabolic regulate substance and appropriate physiological environment. Some microbes could use nonmaterial energy---light. element ?Macronutrient ：C、H、O、N、P、 S?others element：K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Co、Zn、Mo, et al Existence form: ?　 organic：protein、sugar、lipoid、nucleic acid、vitamin、decomposition substance、metabolic medial products ?　inorganic salt ash ?　Water---70% ~ 90% to wet cell weight II. Main nutrient and the function Carbon source Nitrogen source Energy source Growth factor Inorganic salt Water Functions: vconstitute the cells of the microbes vprovide the energy needed in the physiological activity to microbes vthe source to form the microbial metabolic products Nutrient is the substance base for microbial metabolism and living activity. If lose this base, the life will die.  the carbon sources could be utilized by microbes (compound) saccharide： glucose，fructose，maltose，sucrose，starch，galactose，lactose，mannancellulose，hemicellulose，lignin，et al organic acid： lactic acid，citric acid，，short chain fatty acid，long chain fatty acid ，amino acid， et al alcoholic aldehyde： ethanol， et al fat： fat，lecithoid， et al hydrocarbon： natural gas，petroleum，olefin，et al CO2 carbonate： NaHCO3, CaCO3, chalk， et al others： cyanide，protein，peptide，nucleic acid I. Simple diffusion The rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the concentration gradient of the molecule across the membrane.； Do not acquire metabolic energy, is of no specificity. Only transformed small molecular,O2、CO2、glycerol、ethanol and some amino acids； Lipohilia molecules make use of the permeability of cell membrane to transport from high concentration to the low concentration. II. Facilitated diffusion The transported molecular in and out of the cell have different appetency to the carrier protein. characteristic： Require the presence of specific carrier protein, down the concentration gradient Do not acquire metabolic energy Tra