倒装句(高考复习完整版).docVIP

倒装句 一、定义： 英语中的基本语序是“主语 + 谓语”，也称为陈述句语序，但在一些句子中，由于语法结构上的需要或“修辞上强调”的需要，把谓语的全部或一部分放在主语前面，这种语序叫做倒装。注意：有些句子由于语法上的需要必须倒装，而有些句子为了修辞上的需要而倒装的句子，如果不是特意强调，则不必倒装。 二、种类： 倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装。把谓语的全部放在主语前面的叫做完全倒装，把谓语的一部分（助动词、情态动词或be动词）或表语放在主语前面的叫做部分倒装。如： Out rushed the little girl. There are different forms of energy. Such an interesting film was it that they were all moved.（完全倒装） Only in this way can we finish the work. Never shall I forget the day. Pretty as she is，she is not clever.（部分倒装） 三、基本用法： (一)完全倒装的情况： 1、“There be”句型（包括There引导的存在句）即There live /stand /lie /appear /seem /remain /exist等必须倒装。如： There is a book and two pens on the desk. There came shouts for help from the river. There lived an emperor many years ago. 2、以时间副词（now，then）及方位副词（here，there，in，up，down，away，off，out等）或介词短语（in the room, on the wall等）开头的句子，用完全倒装表示强调。其句型为“时间副词/方位副词 + 不及物动词 + 主语”，这类句子的谓语动词通常为be，go，come，follow，rush，fly，fall等，并且必须用一般现在时或一般过去时，主语为名词（主语为代词时，主谓不倒装，只把该副词提到句首）。如： Now comes your turn. There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. Away went the boy. Off went the horses.（主谓倒装） Here you are. Away he went.（主谓不倒装） 3、so修饰形容词或副词，整个修饰部分放在句首时，句子要使用倒装（即句型“so/such...that”）（such修饰名词）。但须注意： （1）当主句的谓语动词为be时，主句用完全倒装。如：So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it. Such an interesting book is it that they all like reading it. （2）当主句的谓语动词不是be时，要借助于助动词，主句用部分倒装。如：So funny did she look that everybody burst into laughing. So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him. 4、直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首作宾语，且句子主语为名词时，用完全倒装。但注意：当主语为代词、谓语动词后面接了宾语或谓语动词为被动结构时，句子不倒装。如： “We will have an oral practice tomorrow ,”said the teacher.（倒装） “Please do me a favor，”he said. “Do you feel better now，”the doctor asked the patient. “What do you mean？”the boy was asked. 5、因为句子主语较长，或为了强调表语，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，把表语放在句首倒装。其结构为“表语 + 连系动词 + 主语”（即“形容词短语/现在分词/过去分词短语/介词短语 + 连系动词 + 主语”）。如： Present at the meeting were teachers and students. Hanging on the wall is a splendid picture. Gone are the days