儿科呼吸系统疾病的吸入治疗课件.ppt

Slide 8 Out of 83 children aged 2 years who were hospitalised for wheezing and who completed a follow-up until the age of 3 years, 76% (61/83) had subsequent wheezing at age 1-2 years and 58% (44/76) at age 2-3 years.10 In a study of 888 children followed prospectively up to age 13 years, in which the children were assessed by their paediatrician whenever they had signs or symptoms of lower-respiratory tract disease, 472 had at least one lower-respiratory tract illness and recorded test for viruses and other agents. Of these, 43.9% (207/427) had been infected with RSV lower-respiratory tract illness before the age of 3 years.14 Those who had suffered from RSV infections before the age of 3 years were 3.2 times more likely to have infrequent wheeze and 4.3 times more likely to have frequent wheeze at age 6 years compared with those children who had not had lower-respiratory tract disease before the age of 3 years. The risk for both frequent and infrequent wheeze decreased with age, and became non-significant at age 13 years. The results were adjusted for sex, maternal education, family history of asthma, allergy skin tests at age 6 years, birth weight, and maternal smoking.14 Slide 9 Airway hyperreactivity develops in some children after a lower-respiratory tract viral infection.2 In a study of 140 children, 47 of whom were hospitalised with RSV in infancy, 30% of the RSV group had developed asthma compared with 3% in the control group at age 7.5 years (p0.0001). For “any wheezing,” the cumulative prevalence was 68% and 34%, respectively (p0.001).12 In the same study, RSV showed the highest independent risk ratio for asthma out of all of the potential risk factors (hereditary and environmental) studied, with an odds ratio (OR) of 12.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.4 to 47.2).12 2. Pulmicort? Respules? – US Clinical Trials Programme The extensive worldwide experience with Pulmicort? Respules? has recently been supplemented by a clinical programme conducted in