08级翻译——减词 大三上学期英语专业翻译课件.pptVIP

* 减词（omission） 减词是指将原文中需要而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省的词语应是那些如在译文中保留下来则使语言表达累赘罗嗦且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。减词一般用于以下两种情况：一是从语法角度进行减省，二是从修饰角度进行减省。 一、从语法角度进行减省 1.省略冠词 一般来说，除了带有明显指示意义的定冠词和含有明显的“一个”或“每一个”意思的不定冠词不能不译外，其他情况一般可以省略不译。 * a. A teacher should have patience in his work. 教师应该有耐心。（省略表示类别的不定冠词） b. The horse is a useful animal. 马是有益（用）的动物。（省略表示类别的定冠词） c. The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 月亮慢慢从海上升起。（省略表示独一无二的事物的定冠词） d. The girl standing at the window is his sister. 站在窗口的（那个）姑娘是他妹妹。（这里girl后面有定语，定冠词the汉译时可省，可不省。） * e. He left without saying a word. 他一句话不说就走了。（不定冠词表示“一”时，不能省） f. The number of vibration a second is called the frequency. 每秒钟的震动次数称作频率。（不定冠词表示“每一”时，不能省） g. They saw the little party climb ashore. 他们看见那一小对人爬上岸去。（定冠词表示“这、那、这些、那些”时，不能省） * h. On a cold, frosty day an Ant was dragging out some of the corn which he had laid up in the summer-time, to dry it. A Grasshopper, half perished with hunger, besought the Ant to give him a morsel of it to preserve his life. “What were you dong,” said the Ant, “ this last summer?” “Oh,” said the Grasshopper, “I was not idle. I kept singing all the summer long.” Said the Ant, laughing and shutting up his granary, “ Since you could sing all summer, you may dance all winter.” 一个霜冻的冷天，一只蚂蚁拖出夏天储存的一些谷物来晒。一只饿得半死的蚱蜢恳求蚂蚁给它一口谷子来维持生命。蚂蚁说：“你今年夏天干什么来着？”蚱蜢说：“哦！我并没闲着，我唱了一夏天的歌。”蚂蚁关起谷仓笑着说：“你既然能唱一夏天的歌，那也可以跳一冬天的舞喽。” * 2.省略代词 （1）省略人称代词 指代关系明确，一般每个句子都有主语和谓语，或有时要有宾语，这是英语句法所要求的。而汉语的表达习惯则往往在指代关系明确的情况下，几个谓语借用上下文提到的一个共同的主语，不必一个一个地重复。因此，作主语的人称代词汉译时往往省略。同样道理，作宾语的人称代词也是如此。 a. The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory. 产品出厂前应该进行抽样检查。 b. When I arrived I was surprised to see that it was a party of great distinction. I giggled to myself. * 我到了一看，没料到都是些相当出色非同一般的人士，禁不住暗自一笑。 c. Follow the river and you’ll get to the sea. 顺藤摸瓜。（省略表示泛指的人称代词） d. The further one goes the further behind. 南辕北辙，背道而驰。 e. The government has put the new coins into circulation, but only a small number of people have ever seen them. 政府已经发行了新的硬币，但只有少数人见（到）过。 *