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Unit 12 I. Background to Text 1 When people speak, they may use their body movements consciously or unconsciously to serve different purposes. These body movements or gestures are known as body language. Body language involves the kind of gestures used by the sports games umpires, the band director, the traffic police and so on. These people convey and define messages by means of set hand and arm movements. They are not spontaneous, but are planned in advance. Each time one is used, it means the same as it did previously. Another kind of body language is bodily expression, which is spontaneous. The gesture is made because the speaker is moved by an idea. His gesture is the outward expression of this feeling. A good speaker is sometimes unaware of having used a very effective gesture, as the gestures are natural. Sometimes speakers who may feel self-conscious try to use gestures artificially. They may plan their movements, or may suddenly decide that the time has come to make a gesture. The results are almost never effective. The gestures may have no relation to the thought; it may accompany a phrase for which it is inappropriate; or it may be carried out in a false manner. Gestures well used may help the speaker get the ideas across to the listeners. But if inappropriately used, they may betray the speaker. Every one has their own ways of gesticulation whatever gestures they may use. Observation shows that when the speaker is telling a lie, the person may use some gestures, which are against his habit. These are often unconscious. This is called “non-verbal leakage”. That is, the speaker is unconsciously revealing information he does not intend to make known. This text is an account of the negative function of body language and explains the reasons. II. Detailed study of the text 1. It infiltrates every human interaction and provides a revealing, subliminal commentary on what is officially taking place. (L.1) Body language accompanies all human interactions and