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论 文 专 用 纸 ……………………………………… “To Be or Not To Be ”and Its Tragic Factors Author: Supervisor: (College of Foreign Lauguages, 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 Abstract: Shakespeare achieves the artistic maturity in Hamlet through his brilliant depiction of the hero’s struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father’s murder. In this thesis, the meaning of the famous monologue in Act 3 Scene 1 will be reanalyzed. Through the deep understanding and reanalysis of the meaning of the monologue and the content of the whole drama, we can see the drama is not to prove that Hamlet is weighing the gain and loss of the “self-slaughter”, but is to ponder over the question of human’s life and death. Life and death is not only shown in the famous monologue “To be, or not be”, but it also runs through the whole drama. From the very beginning of Act 1 to the end of the drama, the eternal subject—tragedy of life and death runs through it. By analyzing the traditional opinions and the literal meaning, we can find the central meaning of the monologue, but through the drama, we can also find that Hamlet can’t make decision and can’t fix up how to do between his speech and action, we also can’t find the evidence to conclude that Hamlet wants to commit suicide. Hamlet has strong tragedy consciousness, he is the most important character of the drama. And he is unique！This thesis wants to give a new analysis of “to be or not to be” and its tragic factors. Key words: drama tragedy monologue “生存或是死亡”及其相关悲剧因素 装 订 线 …. ……………………………… 第1页 论 文 专 用 纸 ……………………. ………………. ………………… 摘要:在《哈姆雷特》这部作品中莎士比亚通过对英雄的挣扎的精彩描述达到了艺术性的成熟，他涉及两个对立面: 道德的诚实和为父亲报仇的需要。在这份论文中第一幕3第三场的著名独白的意思在将被重新分析。后面还将介绍莎士比亚的研究员关于独白或哈姆雷特的传统观点。通过对独白的逐字意思和整体戏曲的内容深刻的理解和重新分析, 我们能看到戏剧不是证明哈姆雷特在斟酌衡量自戮的得与失，而是在思考人类生与死的疑问，生与死不仅仅战展示在著名的对白“生存，或是死亡”，它也贯穿了整个戏剧全文。从戏剧的第一幕一开始直到戏剧的结束，这个永恒的主题——生存与死亡的悲剧贯穿其中。通过对历史观点和字面意思的分析，我们