第三章，有机固相在储层中的形成机理.docVIP

有机固相在储层中的形成机理 []汪伟英,周克厚等. 原油中有机质沉积的实验研究[J]. 油田化学.2002.12:306~308 []汪伟英,周克厚等. 有机垢对地层损害机理研究[J]. 油气地质与采收　率.2002.12: 67~68 有机沉淀主要指原油中石蜡、沥青质及胶质等重质组分在地层中的沉积。关于有机沉积对原油生产影响的问题早在20世纪70年代就有国外许多大石油公司开始展开研究,但关于有机沉淀对地层的伤害机理研究还很不全面,没有系统的研究结果[1]。近来有报道认为[2]有机沉积可通过以下3个方面降低原油的有效流度:(1)堵塞孔喉;(2)吸附在岩石表面,将油藏润湿性由亲水转变为亲油;(3)通过形成油包水型乳状液增加油的粘度。在生产过程中形成有机沉积物,轻的使生产操作困难,重的可使油井报废,甚至使油藏受到永久性破坏。在我国随着稠油油藏开采的发展以及EOR技术的采用,更加有必要对有机沉积造成的危害以及形成机理开展系统、深入的研究工作。本文在室内实验研究温度、原油组份以及入井流体性质对有机沉积物形成影响的基础上,提出了生产中防止有机沉积形成的一些措施。 1　Speight J G. Asphaltenes in crude oil and bitumen: structure and dispersion. Adv Chem Ser, 1996, 251(Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry): 377~401 2　Mansoori G A. Modeling of asphaltene and other heavy organic depositions. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 1997, 17: 101~111 3　Hirschberg A. The role of asphaltenes in compositional grading of a reservoir’s fluid column. SPE Paper No 13171, 1984 4　Hirschberg A, DeJong L N J, Schipper B A, et al. Influence of temperature and pressure on asphaltene flocculation. SPE 11202, 1984, 283~293 5　Park S J, Mansoori G A. Aggregation and deposition of heavy organics in petroleum crudes. Energy Sources, 1988, 10: 109~125 6　Wilhelms A, LarterS R. Origin oftarmats in petroleumreservoirs, Part I: introduction and case studies. Marine and PetroleumGeolo- gy, 1994, 11(4): 418~441 7　Wilhelms A, Larter S R. Origin of tarmats in petroleum reservoirs, Part II: formation mechanisms for tarmats. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 1994, 11(4): 442~456 8　Larter S R, Aplin A C. Reservior geochemistry: methods, applications and opportunities. In: Cubitt J M, England W A, eds. The Geochemistry of Reserviors. London: Geological Society Special Publication No 86, 1995, 5~32 9　Wilhelms A, Larter S R. Overview of the geochemistry of some tar mats from the North Sea and USA: implications for tar-mat origin. In:Cubitt J M, England WA, eds. The Geochemistry of Reserviors. London: Geological Society Special Publication No 86, 1995, 87~101