汉英翻译第五章.pptVIP

第五章: 词性转换 在汉英翻译过程中,由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异,在保证原文意义不变的前提下,译文必须对汉语词类做必要的转换,在这一点上同英译汉中的词类 换是有着共同之处的. 词类转换如果运用得当,可以使译文变得通顺流畅,符合英语的表达习惯;否则就可能使译文变得不伦不类.汉语词类的转换主要涉及名词,动词,形容词和副词等处理问题,其中以动词的转换居多. 1.汉语名词转换成英语动词 在翻译过程中汉语名词一般是不改变其词性的,但有时某些汉语名词如 “形状”, “地位”, “态度”, “特点”, “印象”, “目的” , “定义”等, 以及较为正式的文体中的名词,在英语中往往可用动词来表示,同时修饰这些名词的形容词往往也要转换成副词. 1)我国科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际. The development of scientific research in our country is characterized by the combination of theory with practice. 雄伟的人民大会堂给我们留下了深刻的印象. The magnificent Great Hall of the People impressed us tremendously. 社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力. Socialist revolution aims at liberating the productive forces. 4)自然保护区的规定和管理应按照国务院有关规定办理. Nature reserves shall be designated and administered according to the relevant provisions of the State Councils. 5)成都工艺美术品厂的产品主要特点是工艺精湛,价廉物美. The products of Chengdu Arts Crafts Factory are mainly featured by their fine workmanship and reasonable price. 2.汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词 有时候出于语法结构或修辞上的需要,也可以将汉语的某些形容词或副词转换成英语的名词. 在全国文明礼貌月中,所有城市必须搞好卫生,清除混乱和不礼貌现象. During the National Civic Virtues Month, all the cities must clean up, and banish disarray and discourtesy. 街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色中. Everything was gradually disappearing into a pall of gray. 3) 他试图用热情的款待把他的窘态遮盖过去. He tried to cover up his embarrassment with the enthusiasm of his hospitality. 4)海南岛上的空气是这样清香,使人感到格外凉爽,舒畅. The air over Hainan Island was so fresh and fragrant; it gave us a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort. 5)多年来我很少外出写生,如今我对此已感到很生疏了. Since I seldom go out sketching for years, it is quite a strange to me now. 名词转换成副词 氧是物质世界的重要元素之一.它的化学性很活泼. Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world. It is very active chemically. 我们的教育方针,应该使受教育者在德育,智育,体育几方面都得到发展,成为有社会主义觉悟,有文化的劳动者. Our education policy must enable everyone who receives an education to develop morally, intellectually and physically and become a worker with both socialist consciousness and culture. 4. 动词英译多端口处理 英汉两种语言分属完全不同的语系，因此在语言上呈现 出诸多差异，其中一个明显的差异是汉语的“多动词”现象 。人们发现，汉