综合法律英语.pptVIP

Part Four 关于特殊合同形式： 要约与承诺： 起草合同文本的一般要求： 1、 清晰（clarity）：清晰是所有良好地组织的合同灵魂。任何合同的条款都应该具有明确性和确定性，以便能够合法地实施。2、 简洁（conciseness）：好的合同具有短小而简明的特点，不需要长篇大论。3、 完整（completeness）：不完整往往会导致合同的失败，例如：法定必须条款缺乏，有助于对合同理解或者对合同履行有重要意义的有关条款缺乏等，往往就是合同纠纷的起因。 合同基本条款： 关于样板（the boilerplate）条款 样板条款(the boilerplate)通常是在合同的尾部出现，有时其实就是“综合约定条款（miscellaneous）”的内容。因为是放在合同尾部，可能造成对这些内部重要性的忽视，觉得没有必要认真阅读并充分注意这部分的内容。样板条款的重要性在于：它与其他条款一样能够影响缔约者的合同权利。样板条款的目的，是以一些常用的、标准的合同语言，节省缔约者或合同草拟人的时间。但是，这些标准的合同语言，可能对你的合同权利有致命的影响，如：设立或排除你的某项权利。 3 Mutual or Non-identical Mistakes When A and B are both mistaken as to a fundamental fact concerning contract but each party has made a different mistake, the court must decide if : (1)There is a contract in the sense intended by A (e.g. a contract for the sale of a ring), or (2)There is a contract in the sense intended by B, or (3)There is a no true agreement at all and the contract is void for mistake. Unilateral Mistakes This arises where one of the parties is mistaken as to some fundamental fact concerning the contract, and the other party knew, or ought to have known of this mistaken. The rule is that the contract is void if the mistake affects the nature of the offer (and so relates to the “ fundamental character of the agreement”); but not if it affects something less, such as the quality of goods. RUSHLIGHT AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER CO. v. PORTLAND 189 Or. 194, 219 P. 2d 732(1950) UNITED STATES v. METRO NOVELTY MFC. CO. 125 F. Supp. 713 (S. D. N. Y. 1954) 5 Documents Mistakes Signed Generally a person who signs a contract is bound by it, even if he has not read it. But there is an exception that he could plead non est factum: it is not my deed, e.g. a deed releasing all claims was read to an illiterate woman and she executed it on being told that it concerned arrears of rent. Held: the deed was null and void. Ⅱ. Misrepresentation A misrepresentation is an untrue of fact, made by one contracting party to the other, which statement was intend