张建君《组织与管理》教学资料：13chap10.pptVIP

Organizational Design Decisions Mechanistic Organization rigidly and tightly controlled structure tries to minimize the impact of differing human traits most large organizations have some mechanistic characteristics Organic Organization highly adaptive and flexible structure permits organization to change when the need arises employees are highly trained and empowered to handle diverse job activities minimal formal rules and little direct supervision ? Jianjun Zhang 10-* Mechanistic Versus Organic Organization High Specialization Rigid Departmentalization Clear Chain of Command Narrow Spans of Control Centralization High Formalization Cross-Hierarchical Teams Free Flow of Information Wide Spans of Control Decentralization Low Formalization Mechanistic Organic ? Jianjun Zhang 10-* 10- * 判断组织结构有效性的基准 ? （1）对绩效的贡献、对竞争优势发挥的贡献？ （2）管理人员或员工的认同？ （3）与其他企业（标竿企业）的比较？ ? 外部适应与内部整合： －External fit （外部适应）: organization-environment fit. －Internal consistency （内部协调）: congruence. Strategy, structure, behavior, culture。 清华与北大。 ? 10- * 具体标准 是否支持市场优势 每一层级是否创造了价值 是否能够得到和留住能干的人员（人尽其能） 特殊文化是否得到了保护 困难链接有没有问题 模糊的和共同承担责任的部分是否有人负责 是否有弹性以适应变革 10- * 组织设计的基本理念 没有一种绝对好的结构：权变理论 Fashion or fit 组织结构的动态性 一个精心设计的组织结构只是组织成功的必要条件 10- * 影响组织设计的一些考量 集权与分权 控制与协调 活力与秩序 效率与创新 专业化VS全面的技能要求 Organizational Design Decisions (cont.) Contingency Factors Strategy and Structure - structure should facilitate the achievement of goals strategy and structure should be closely linked strategy focuses on: innovation - need the flexibility and free flow of information of the organic structure cost minimization - seek efficiency, stability, and tight controls of mechanistic structure imitation - use structural characteristics of both mechanistic and organic structures ? Jianjun Zhang 10-* 10- * Requirements for Successfully Pursuing Porter’s Competitive Strategies 8-* Organizational Design Decisions (cont.) Contingency Factors (cont.) Size and Structure - size affects structure at a decreasing rate Technol