语言学内容讲义 Chapter Two Phonetics.docVIP

Chapter 2?? Speech Sounds Teaching aims: let the students have the general idea about phonetics Focal points:? classification of speech sounds;description of consonants and vowels Teaching difficulties: description of consonants and vowels Teaching procedure: Outline of this chapter: 1. Phonetics 1.1 sub-branches (scope) of phonetics 1.2 Definition of Phonetics 2 Speech organs (vocal organs) 2.1 The pharyngeal cavity 2.2 The oral cavity 2.3 The nasal cavity 3 Classification of English speech sounds 3.1 the criteria of Classification （p 29） 3.2 Classification of English speech sounds 3.2.1 Consonants(24) 3.2.2 Vowels(20) 4 Description of English speech sounds 4.1 description of English consonants 4.1.1 ( criteria) Three parameters to identify a consonant: 4.1.2 Description 4.1.3 Identifying English consonants: (three-term description) 4.2 description of English vowels 4.2.1 Four criteria (parameters) of vowel description: 4.2.2 description 4.2.3 Diphthongs(8) 4.2.4 Identifying English vowels: all the single vowels 5 Transcription 5.1 IPA (International phonetic Alphabet) 5. 2 phonetic transcription 标音法 .2.1 Broad transcription 5.2.2 Narrow transcription 1. Phonetics Language is a “system of vocal symbols”. Speech sounds had existed long before writing was invented, and even today, in some parts of the world, there are still languages that have no writing systems. Therefore, the study of speech sounds is a major part of linguistics. As we know, there are two branches in linguistics, which deal with speech sounds. They are phonetics (the study of sounds) and phonology (the study sound patterns). In this chapter, we will discuss these two branches. 1.1 Definition of phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived, and their classification, description, and transcription. 1.2 sub-branches (scope) of phonetics 1)Articulatory phonetics----the study of the production of speech sounds 2)Acoustic phonetics----the study of the physical p