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The Basic Crystal Junction (or Diode) 　　When a free electron meets a moving hole in a semiconductor material, the electron occupies the free space and a positive or negative charge no longer exists; that is, the charge is neutralized. When a P-type and a N-type crystal are joined to make a single semiconductor, as shown in Figure 9.1, current will flow in one direction only. As an example, when a power source is connected to the semiconductor as shown in Figure 9.2, the semiconductor is said to be forward biased “基本法水晶结（或二极管）在半导体材料当自由电子遇到空穴时，电子占据的自由空间，不再存在一个正或负电荷，电荷被中。当P型和N型晶体加入到一个单一的半导体，如在图9.1所示，电流将只在一个方向流动。作为一个例子，在图9.2所示，电源连接到半导体，半导体据说被正向偏置。The holes will be repelled toward the junction by the positively charged battery terminal, whereas the electrons are pushed toward the junction by the battery’s negative terminal. 由带正电的电池终端将被排斥朝交界处的空穴，而电子，对电池的负极交界推。At the junction, the electrons combine with the hole. Electrons enter the semiconductor at the N terminal to replace the electrons that have combined with the holes. Likewise, electrons leave the P terminal by attraction of positive voltage and create new holes. This movement of electrons, from the negative voltage source through the junction and from the positive terminal of semiconductor to positive voltage source, creates a current flow. Thus current will flow in a semiconductor when the semiconductor is forward biased. 交界处，电子结合的空穴。电子进入N端的半导体来取代已经与空穴相结合的电子。同样，电子离开P端子正电压的吸引和创造新的漏洞。这种电子的运动，通过路口，从积极的半导体终端电压源从负到正电压源，创建一个电流流。因此在半导体半导体正向偏置时电流会流入 。When the polarity of the power source is reversed, the semiconductor is said to be reverse biased. The holes are moved away from the junction by the negative voltage, whereas the electrons are draw from the junction by the positive voltage. Thus there is little or no combining of electrons and holes at the junction, and no current will flow. 　　In practical terms, there will always be a few electrons and holes near the junction, allowing a very small current to pass. This smal