大学英语语法之非谓语动词 Non-predicate Verbs.ppt

English Grammar non-predicate verbs 1 terms 2 features 3 differences 4 application 5 practice terms 不定式: infinitive 动名词: gerund 分词: participle 现在分词 present participle 过去分词 past participle non-predicate verbs 非V.特征 V.特征 非V.特征 不定式≈ n. adj. adv. 作V.外任何成分； 动名词≈ n. 作S. /O. /At. /P. 分词≈ adj. adv. 作P. /At. /Ad. /C. V. 特征 ①有语态和部分时态的变化； ②有自己的O.和Ad. 同O.和Ad.一起构成短语 ③有逻辑S. difference 动名词—名词；习惯性动作 不定式—将来；一次性动作 现在分词: 动作进行；表主动 过去分词: 动作完成；表被动 application infinitive gerund participle infinitive form usage testing structure omission of “to” practice to do 一般式 not to do 否定式 to be doing 进行式 to have done 完成式 to have been doing 完成进行式 to be done 被动一般式 to have been done 被动完成式 ⊙ 研读和比较下列句子: ﹡They expected their son to do well in the examination. ﹡They expected their son to be doing well during the examination. ﹡They expected their son to have done well in the examination. usage 1 S. 2 P. 3 O. 4 At. 5 Ad. 6 C. ＊ 不定式作O. He loved to listen to music. I find it difficult to speak English fluently. ﹡不定式作目状 I got up early to catch the first bus. I started early so as to get there before dark. I started early in order not to be late. ＊ 不定式作宾补 China expects everyone to do his duty. I could make them understand me. Testing Structure 1 否定式 2 (介词)+特问词+不定式 3 复合结构 4 独立结构 5 分离不定式 ＊否定式 You must promise never to do that again. You’d better not be late next time. ﹡omission of “to” 1 set phrase 2 set structure 3 sentence with special conj. or prep. 4 as P. (5) cannot choose but (只得) (6) cannot help but (不得不) cannot help + doing (7) can but (= can only) do (只得，充其量不过) eg 答案： BCCDAADA gerund form usage testing structure practice usage 1 S. 2 P. 3 O. 4 O.C. 5 At. require, resent, recall, tolerate, appreciate, stop, … approach to doing, be busy doing, object to doing, feel like doing, can’t help doing, prefer doing A to doing B, … parti