deep-time phylogenetic clustering of extinctions in an evolutionarily dynamic clade (early jurassic ammonites)深层时间系统集群灭绝的进化动态进化枝(早期侏罗纪亚扪人).pdfVIP

Deep-Time Phylogenetic Clustering of Extinctions in an Evolutionarily Dynamic Clade (Early Jurassic Ammonites) 1 1 ´ 1 1 2 Clotilde Hardy *, Emmanuel Fara , Remi Laffont , Jean-Louis Dommergues , Christian Meister , Pascal Neige1 ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ 1 Laboratoire Biogeosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France, 2 Departement de Geologie et de Paleontologie, Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de ` Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract Conservation biologists and palaeontologists are increasingly investigating the phylogenetic distribution of extinctions and its evolutionary consequences. However, the dearth of palaeontological studies on that subject and the lack of methodological consensus hamper our understanding of that major evolutionary phenomenon. Here we address this issue by (i) reviewing the approaches used to quantify the phylogenetic selectivity of extinctions and extinction risks; (ii) investigating with a high-resolution dataset whether extinctions and survivals were phylogenetically clustered among early Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) ammonites; (iii) exploring the phylogenetic and temporal maintenance of this signal. We found that ammonite extinctions were significantly clumped phylogenetically, a pattern that prevailed throughout the 6.6 Myr- long early Pliensbachian interval. Such a phylogenetic conservatism did not alter – or may even have promoted – the evolutionary success of this major cephalopod clade. However, the comparison of phylogenetic autocorr