conservation planning for ecosystem services保护规划生态系统服务.pdfVIP

PLoS BIOLOGY Conservation Planning for Ecosystem Services 1*¤ 2 2 3 1 Kai M. A. Chan , M. Rebecca Shaw , David R. Cameron , Emma C. Underwood , Gretchen C. Daily 1 Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 The Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 3 Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America Despite increasing attention to the human dimension of conservation projects, a rigorous, systematic methodology for planning for ecosystem services has not been developed. This is in part because flows of ecosystem services remain poorly characterized at local-to-regional scales, and their protection has not generally been made a priority. We used a spatially explicit conservation planning framework to explore the trade-offs and opportunities for aligning conservation goals for biodiversity with six ecosystem services (carbon storage, flood control, forage production, outdoor recreation, crop pollination, and water provision) in the Central Coast ecoregion of California, United States. We found weak positive and some weak negative associations between the priority areas for biodiversity conservation and the flows of the six ecosystem services across the ecoregion. Excluding the two agriculture-focused services—crop pollination and forage production—eliminates all negative correlations. We compared the degree to which four contrasting conservation network designs protect biodiversi