commercial bee pollen with different geographical origins a comprehensive approach商业蜂花粉不同的地理起源一个全面的方法.pdfVIP

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 11173-11187; doi:10.3390/ijms130911173 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 /journal/ijms Article Commercial Bee Pollen with Different Geographical Origins: A Comprehensive Approach Carla Nogueira 1,†, Antonio Iglesias 2,†, Xesus Feás 3 and Leticia M. Estevinho 1,* 1 CIMO-Mountain Research Center, Agricultural College of Bragança, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, Bragança 5301-855, Portugal; E-Mail: carla.m.p.nogueira@ 2 Department of Anatomy and Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Galicia, Spain; E-Mail: antonio.iglesias@usc.es 3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Galicia, Spain; E-Mail: xesus.feas@usc.es † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: leticia@ipb.pt; Tel.:+351-273-303-342. Received: 23 July 2012; in revised form: 28 August 2012 / Accepted: 29 August 2012 / Published: 7 September 2012 Abstract: Since the primordial of humanity, pollen has been considered a good source of nutrients and energy. Its promising healing properties have also been referred to. The present study aimed to characterize, for the first time, eight commercial pollens from Portugal and Spain available on the market studying