biomarkers in tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy生物标志物在肿瘤血管生成和抗血管生成疗法.pdfVIP

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 7077-7099; doi:10.3390/ijm OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 /journal/ijms Review Biomarkers in Tumor Angiogenesis and Anti-Angiogenic Therapy Andreas Pircher 1, Wolfgang Hilbe 1, Isabel Heidegger 2, Joachim Drevs 3, André Tichelli 4 and Michael Medinger 4,* 1 Hematology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; E-Mails: andreas.pircher@i-med.ac.at (A.P.); wolfgang.hilbe@i-med.ac.at (W.H.) 2 Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; E-Mail: isabel-maria.heidegger@i-med.ac.at 3 Tumor Center Unisantus, Custodisstrasse 3-17, 50679 Köln, Germany; E-Mail: Prof.Drevs@unisantus.de 4 Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland; E-Mail: tichellia@uhbs.ch * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: medingerm@uhbs.ch; Tel.: +41-61-3286316; Fax: +41-61 Received: 15 August 2011 / Accepted: 9 October 2011 / Published: 21 October 2011 Abstract: Tumor angiogenesis has been identified to play a critical role in tumor growth and tumor progression, and is regulated by a balance of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic cytokines. Among them VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and its signaling through its receptors are of crucia