antiviral lead compounds from marine sponges抗病毒从海绵中铅化合物.pdfVIP

Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 2619-2638; doi:10.3390/md8102619 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 /journal/marinedrugs Review Antiviral Lead Compounds from Marine Sponges Sunil Sagar *, Mandeep Kaur and Kenneth P. Minneman Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: mandeep.kaur@.sa (M.K.); kenneth.minneman@.sa (K.P.M.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: sunil.sagar@.sa; Tel.: +966-2-808-2424. Received: 18 July 2010; in revised form: 10 September 2010 / Accepted: 13 September 2010 / Published: 11 October 2010 Abstract: Marine sponges are currently one of the richest sources of pharmacologically active compounds found in the marine environment. These bioactive molecules are often secondary metabolites, whose main function is to enable and/or modulate cellular communication and defense. They are usually produced by functional enzyme clusters in sponges and/or their associated symbiotic microorganisms. Natural product lead compounds from sponges have often been found to be promising pharmaceutical agents. Several of them have successfully been approved as antiviral agents for clinical use or have been advanced to the late stages of clinical trials. Most of these drugs are used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). The most important antiviral lead of