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PLoS BIOLOGY An Information Theoretic Characterisation of Auditory Encoding 1,2* 3 2 1,2 4 2 Tobias Overath , Rhodri Cusack , Sukhbinder Kumar , Katharina von Kriegstein , Jason D. Warren , Manon Grube , Robert P. Carlyon3, Timothy D. Griffiths1,2* 1 Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 2 Newcastle Auditory Group, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, 3 MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 4 Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom The entropy metric derived from information theory provides a means to quantify the amount of information transmitted in acoustic streams like speech or music. By systematically varying the entropy of pitch sequences, we sought brain areas where neural activity and energetic demands increase as a function of entropy. Such a relationship is predicted to occur in an efficient encoding mechanism that uses less computational resource when less information is present in the signal: we specifically tested the hypothesis that such a relationship is present in the planum temporale (PT). In two convergent functional MRI studies, we demonstrated this relationship in PT for encoding, while furthermore showing that a distributed fronto-parietal network for retrieval of acoustic information is independent of entropy. The results establish PT as an efficient neural engine that demands less computational resour