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altered dopamine signaling in naturally occurring maternal neglect改变多巴胺信号在天然母亲的忽视
Altered Dopamine Signaling in Naturally Occurring
Maternal Neglect
1,2 2 1 1
Stephen C. Gammie *, Michelle N. Edelmann , Caleigh Mandel-Brehm , Kimberly L. D’Anna ,
Anthony P. Auger2,3, Sharon A. Stevenson1
1 Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, 2 Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-
Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, 3 Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
Abstract
Background: Child neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment, yet the biological basis of maternal neglect is
poorly understood and a rodent model is lacking.
Methodology/Principal Findings: The current study characterizes a population of mice (MaD1) which naturally exhibit
maternal neglect (little or no care of offspring) at an average rate of 17% per generation. We identified a set of risk factors
that can predict future neglect of offspring, including decreased self-grooming and elevated activity. At the time of neglect,
neglectful mothers swam significantly more in a forced swim test relative to nurturing mothers. Cross-fostered offspring
raised by neglectful mothers in turn exhibit increased expression of risk factors for maternal neglect and decreased maternal
care as adults, suggestive of possible epigenetic contributions to neglect. Unexpectedly, offspring from neglectful mothers
elicited maternal neglect from cross-fostered nurturing mothers, suggesting that factors regulating neglect are not solely
within the mother. To identify a neurological pathway underlying maternal neglect, we examined brain activity in neglectful
and nurturing mice. c-Fos expression was si
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