adapting to regional enforcement fishing down the governance index适应区域实施渔业治理指数.pdfVIP

Adapting to Regional Enforcement: Fishing Down the Governance Index ¨ 1,2 2 ¨ 3,4 3 5 Henrik Osterblom *, U. Rashid Sumaila , Orjan Bodin , Jonas Hentati Sundberg , Anthony J. Press 1 Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, 2 Baltic Nest Institute, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, 3 Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, 4 Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, 5 Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Abstract Background: Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is a problem for marine resource managers, leading to depletion of fish stocks and negative impacts on marine ecosystems. These problems are particularly evident in regions with weak governance. Countries responsible for sustainable natural resource management in the Southern Ocean have actively worked to reduce IUU fishing in the region over a period of 15 years, leading to a sequence of three distinct peaks of IUU fishing. Methodology/Principal Findings: We reviewed existing public records relating to IUU fishing in the Southern Ocean between 1995–2009 and related this information to the governance capacity of flag states responsible for IUU vessels. IUU operators used a number of methods to adapt to enforcement actions, resulting in reduced risks of detection, apprehension and sanctioning. They changed fishing locations, vessel names and flag states, and ports for offloading IUU catches. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of IUU vessels flagged to CCAMLR countries, and a significant decrease