thermalenviroment热环境drybulbtemperature-ohlearning.pptVIP

BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE职业卫生基本原则 Day 4 第4天 15 - THERMAL ENVIROMENT15-热环境 THERMAL ENVIROMENT热环境 In order to function effectively we need to maintain our bodies at a constant temperature within 36.5 - 37.5 oC. 为了能让身体正常运行，我们需要确保体温恒定在36.5 - 37.5℃。 Temperature regulation centres in our brain are sensitive to small changes of blood temperature and also get feed back from sensory nerves at the skin. 我们的大脑是一个温度调节中心，对体温的微小变化都很敏感，还能获得皮肤感觉神经的反馈。 Our brains then use this information to adjust our bodies responses to heat. 我们的大脑会根据反馈的信息调节身体，适应热环境。 HEAT高温 Physiological responses to heat 对高温的生理反应 Blood vessels in skin expand 皮肤血管扩张 Pulse rate increases 脉搏加快 Increases blood to the surface of the body 体表血液增加 Sweating also increases heat loss due to latent heat of evaporation. 出汗也会散热，因为汗液会蒸发。 In very hot conditions, sweating offers greatest potential for regulating body temperature. 如酷热环境，出汗是调节体温的最有效方式。 Possible adverse effects of exposure to excessive heat include; 接触高温可能的副作用包括： Fatigue 疲劳 Behavioural modification 行为变化 Reduced concentration 集中度不高 Heat cramps due to salt loss 因体内盐分减少，可能出现中暑性痉挛。 Fainting heat exhaustion 中暑昏厥 Heat stroke 中暑 COLD低温 Physiological responses to cold 对高温的生理反应 Blood vessels in skin contract 皮肤中血管紧缩 Heat flow to the body surface is reduced 皮肤表面热流减少 Heat production is increased by physical activity and shivering. 因活动和发抖会增加产热 No physiological acclimatisation to cold 生理水土不服 Possible adverse effects to excessive cold include; 接触低温可能的副作用包括： lassitude/listlessness, 精神不振/萎靡 chilblains, 冻疮 frost bite 冻伤 hypothermia. 低体温 Psychological Responses to the Thermal Environment对热环境的心理反应 People will often modify the way they work depending on the thermal environment. 人们会根据热环境条件改变其工作方式 Modify their local work environment 调节其工作环境 moving to a more comfortable area, 转移到更加舒适的区域 changing clothes, 换衣服 increasing or decreasing ventilation 增加或减少通气量 Performance and efficiency can also be affected by adverse therm