果蝇唾腺多线染色体研究进展及其在遗传学教学中的应用-生物通.PDFVIP

Hereditas (Beijing) 2015 年6 月, 37(6): 605 ―612 遗传学教学 果蝇唾腺多线染色体研究进展及其在遗传学教学中的 应用 2 1,3 李刚 ，陈凡国 1. 山东大学生命科学学院遗传教研组，济南 250100 ； 2. 潍坊科技学院，寿光 262700 ； 3. 山东大学植物细胞工程与种质创新教育部重点实验室，济南 250100 摘要:果蝇唾腺多线染色体是细胞遗传学的 3 大经典染色体之一，从 1934 年至今因其具有显著的特点已经作 为一个优异的模型用在不同的遗传学研究中。果蝇唾腺多线染色体最大的贡献就是为研究间期染色体结构和基 因的表达调控提供了一个非凡的视角；另外，果蝇唾腺多线染色体还可以用于解释一些特殊的遗传现象，例如 剂量补偿效应和花斑位置效应。文章一方面就以上进展作一简要总结，另一方面尝试将这一典型案例系统地用 于遗传学教学中，引导和激发学生学习遗传学的兴趣。 关键词:遗传学；细胞遗传学；果蝇唾腺多线染色体；教学实践 Advances in understanding Drosophila salivary gland polytene chromosome and its applications in genetics teaching 2 1,3 Gang Li , Fanguo Chen 1. Genetic Teaching and R esearch Group, School of L ife Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; 2. Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China; 3. The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China Abstract: Drosophila salivary gland polytene chromosome, one of the three classical chromosomes with remark- able characteristics, has been used as an outstanding model for a variety of genetic studies since 1934. The great- est contribution of this model to genetics has been providing extraordinary angle of view in studying interphase chromosome structure and gene expression regulation . Additionally, it has been extensively used to understand some special genetic phenomena, such as dosage compensation and position-effect variegation. In this paper, we briefly review the advances in the study of Drosophila salivary gland chromosome, and try to systematically and effectively introduce this model system into genetics teaching practice in order to steer and inspire students interest in genetics. Keywords: