hunter-gatherer energetics and human obesity狩猎采集能量学和人类肥胖.pdfVIP

Hunter-Gatherer Energetics and Human Obesity 1,2 3 4 5 6 Herman Pontzer *, David A. Raichlen , Brian M. Wood , Audax Z. P. Mabulla , Susan B. Racette , Frank W. Marlowe7 1 Department of Anthropology, Hunter College, New York, New York, United States of America, 2 New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York, United States of America, 3 School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America, 4 Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, 5 Department of Archeology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 6 Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, 7 Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Abstract Western lifestyles differ markedly from those of our hunter-gatherer ancestors, and these differences in diet and activity level are often implicated in the global obesity pandemic. However, few physiological data for hunter-gatherer populations are available to test these models of obesity. In this study, we used the doubly-labeled water method to measure total daily energy expenditure (kCal/day) in Hadza hunter-gatherers to test whether foragers expend more energy each day than their Western counterparts. As expected, physical activity level, PAL, was greater among Hadza foragers than among Westerners. Nonetheless, average daily energy expenditure of traditional Hadza foragers was no different than that of Westerners after controlling for body size. The metabolic cost of walking (kcal kg21 m21) and resting (kcal kg21 s21) were also similar among Hadza and Western groups. The similarity in metabolic rates across a broad range of cult