glycerol monolaurate antibacterial activity in broth and biofilm cultures甘油单月桂酸酯的抗菌活动肉汤和生物膜的文化.pdfVIP

Glycerol Monolaurate Antibacterial Activity in Broth and Biofilm Cultures 1 2 Patrick M. Schlievert *, Marnie L. Peterson 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America, 2 Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America Abstract Background: Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is an antimicrobial agent that has potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. This study examines GML antibacterial activity in comparison to lauric acid, in broth cultures compared to biofilm cultures, and against a wide range of gram-positive, gram-negative, and non-gram staining bacteria. Methodology/Principal Findings: GML is $200 times more effective than lauric acid in bactericidal activity, defined as a $3 log reduction in colony-forming units (CFU)/ml, against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes in broth cultures. Both molecules inhibit superantigen production by these organisms at concentrations that are not bactericidal. GML prevents biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae, as representative gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, tested in 96 well microtiter plates, and simultaneously is bactericidal for both organisms in mature biofilms. GML is bactericidal for a wide range of potential bacterial pathogens, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. In the presence of acidic pH and the cation chelator ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, GML has greatly enhanced bactericidal activity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. Solubilization of GML in a nonaqueous delivery vehicle (related to K-Y WarmingH) enhances its bactericidal activity against S. aureus. Both R and S, and 1 a